Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Chemical Society  

Authorship：Last author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：John Wiley & Sons  

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier  

Authorship：Last author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd.  

Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd.  

Authorship：Last author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd.  

Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：USTC Press.  

Authorship：Last author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SOC CHEMICAL ENG JAPAN  

To utilize the area contaminated by radiation following the accident at Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant, a case study was conducted of biomass gasification and gas engine system with the energy crop Erianthus grown in the area. The distribution of radioactive cesium in ash and gas components was estimated by the tube type lab-scale gasification test and the equilibrium calculation. As a result, the transfer ratio of cesium to the gas phase by gasification was lower than that by combustion because of less CsNO3 generation. Moreover, Erianthus grown in an area with less than approximately 9 million Bq/m(2) can be treated as normal biomass fuel. According to the feasibility study, biomass gasification system is economically feasible. According to the feasibility study, a biomass gasification system was shown to be an effective way of utilizing the radiation-contaminated area of Namie-machi, Fukushima where flat agricultural land exists.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.41.48

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of　Grassland Science  

Authorship：Last author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACS Publications  

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd.  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Twin-fluid atomizers have been successfully used in many industrial applications. This paper presents experimental studies on internal mixing and atomization in a water-air internal-mixing atomizer. Two-phase mixing process and flow patterns in the internal mixing chamber were visually studied through high speed CCD. Observation reveals that internal mixing was dominated by Gas to Liquid mass Ratio (GLR). As GLR increased, the flow patterns changed from slug flow to annular flow. The Oshinowo and Charles' map can be used to predict the flow patterns for the designed atomizer. Droplet Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) spatial distributions were measured with Phase Doppler Analyzer (PDA) at different operating conditions. Droplet SMD decreased with the increase of GLR at all operating pressure and locations. In the undeveloped region, a close relationship was observed between flow pattern transformation in internal mixing chamber and droplet SMD distribution, and there was an optimized pressure ranging from 0.2 MPa to 0.3 MPa for atomization since liquid films became thicker under a higher pressure. In the developed region, pressure promoted to generate finer atomization. Possibility Density Function (PDF) distribution of droplet size at different axial locations was analyzed to quantitatively represent the effect of droplet coalescence and breakup. As axial distance increased, PDF of both fine droplets and large droplets decreased. The particle size with the maximum PDF increased with the axial distance as well. The results imply that best atomization performance was acquired in the undeveloped region. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.006

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

When gasifying biomass in an entrained-flow type gasifier with steam and oxygen at 900-1000 ° C, cold gas efficiency was high, and consequently, char, gasification byproduct, contained relatively large amounts of carbonated alkali and alkali earth metals. An elemental analysis of this sort of char resulted in substantial error, especially oxygen content, when applying a method developed for analyzing coal, because the carbonated alkali and alkali earth metals were oxidized through heating in air or ashing pretreatment at 815 ° C. To clarify effects of the pretreatment, 23 kinds of biomass were ashed at 600 ° C and 3 of them were ashed at temperature ranging from 600 to 900 ° C. Various kinds of metallic compounds remained after ashing at 600 ° C, however almost all of them were oxidized or recomposed to be more stable at above 800 ° C. Potassium compounds vaporized more as ashing temperature rose. The temperature of the melting point dropped, especially under reducing atmosphere, as ashing temperature dropped and the potassium compounds increased. © 2010 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/ef9014982

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

The purpose of this study was to investigate the gasification kinetics of biomass char, such as the wood portion of Japanese cedar char (JC), Japanese cedar bark char (JB), a mixture of hardwood char (MH) and Japanese lawngrass char (JL), each of which was obtained as a by-product of gasification in an entrained-flow type gasifier with steam and oxygen at 900-1000 degrees C. Biomass char was gasified in a drop tube furnace (DTF), in which gasification conditions such as temperature (T(g)), gasifying agent (CO(2) or H(2)O), and its partial pressure (P(g)) were controlled over a wide range, with accompanying measurement of gasification properties such as gasification reaction ratio (X), gasification reaction rate (R(g)), change of particle size and change of surface area. Surfaces were also observed with a scanning electric microscope (SEM). By analyzing various relationships, we concluded that the random pore model was the most suitable for the biomass char gasification reaction because of surface porosity, constant particle size and specific surface area profile, as well as the coincidence of Rg, as experimentally obtained from Arrhenius expression, and the value is calculated using the random pore model. The order of R(g) was from 10(-2) to 10(-1) s(-1), when T(g) = 1000 degrees C and P(g) = 0.05 MPa, and was proportional to the power of P(g) in the range of 0.2-0.22 regardless of gasifying agent. Reactivity order was MH >JC > (JB, JL) and was roughly dependent on the concentration of alkali metals in biomass feedstock ash and the O/C (the molar ratio of oxygen to carbon) in biomass char. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.09.022

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

To make "Hydrogen vehicles and refueling station systems" fit for public use, research on hydrogen safety and designing mitigation measures are significant. For compact storage, it is planned to store under high pressure up to 40 MPa at the refueling stations, so that the safety for the handling of high-pressurized hydrogen is essential. This paper describes the experimental investigation on the hypothetical scenario of dispersion and explosion of high-pressurized hydrogen gas which leaks through a large-scale break in piping and blows down to atmosphere. At first, to comprehend the behavior of the dispersion of high-pressurized hydrogen gas, the measurement device was proposed and the transient concentration distribution was obtained. The explosion experiments were carried out with changing tign the time of ignition after the start of dispersion, P0 the initial hydrogen pressure, and d the opening (nozzle) diameter. In the maximum case (d = 10 mm, P0 = 40 MPa, tign = 0.85 s), the overpressure larger than 50 kPa was detected at 10 m away from ignition point. Through these experiments, it was clarified that the explosion power depends not only on the concentration and volume of hydrogen/air pre-mixture, but also on the turbulence characteristics before ignition. To enforce the analysis of explosion mechanism, numerical computer simulation about the same experimental conditions was performed and the calculated overpressure waveform agreed well with those obtained in the present experiments. © 2007 International Association for Hydrogen Energy.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.04.018

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN INT RESEARCH CENTER AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES  

With a wide array of potentially renewable energy resources, the concept and proposed benefits evolving from the use of biofuels are inspiring. Recently, a new approach for gasification of biomass by partial oxidation and subsequent biomethanol production has been developed and is being evaluated at the "Norin Green No. 1 (renamed as Norm Biomass No. 1)" test plant in Nagasaki, Japan. To determine a useful protocol for producing biomethanol, various kinds of biomass resources, such as sawdust and bark of Japanese cedar, chipped Japanese larch, bamboo, salix, cut waste wood from demolition sites, sorghum, and bran, straw, and husks of rice were evaluated for their biofuel-use characteristics. From this analysis, lignocellulosic resources (wood materials) and rice bran were estimated to produce a high methanol yield (55% by weight), whereas rice straw and husks were estimated to produce lower methanol yield of 36% and 39%, respectively. On the basis of the data obtained from the test plant, the net heat yield by the methanol production of a full-scale commercial plant was estimated to be ca. 40%. Each of these products is a clean material, readily obtained and highly useful for biomethanol production. Developing nations interested in constructing a national energy policy should focus upon the establishment of a biofuel-based economy. Recycling of agricultural and forest industry by-products has been previously shown to reduce the demand for fossil fuels and provides a more ecologically friendly energy resource. Our research suggests that additional sources of biomethanol production could be developed through the utilization of cellulosic and lignocellulosic raw materials.

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

As an initial step in clarifying the mechanisms of the combustion and gasification of biomass, fundamental experiments on the thermal decomposition and numerical simulation for the elementary reaction of decomposed chemical species have been performed. In the experiment, various kinds of biomass particles were rapidly heated by applying an electrically induced magnetic field to the metal tray on which the object particles had been placed. It was clarified that for the two decomposition temperatures of 590 and 1040 °C investigated, the relationship between decomposition rate and heating time was the same, but that the components of the decomposed species were substantially different; the mole fraction of C6-C9 components for the low temperature of 590 °C was 3 to 10 times greater than that corresponding to 1040 °C. Furthermore, a close relationship was ascertained between the percentage of heavy species (C10-C20) and the amount of lignin contained in the biomass. Numerical simulation indicated that these heavy species could decompose to C1 and H2 at over 1000 °C with H2O acting as the oxidation agent, and that the effect of H2O under atmospheric pressure reaches a maximum at PH2O-0.7 atm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOI： 10.1002/htj.20139

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SOC CHEMICAL ENG JAPAN  

To clarify the behavior of biomass particles injected into a boiler furnace, the drag coefficients (C-D) for five typical kinds of biomass samples were experimentally examined. It was found that although the shape (length to diameter ratio) of biomass varied with the kind of material, the value of C-D could be approximately arranged by using Reynolds number based on the diameter of a hypothetical sphere with the same volume as the biomass particle. It was also found that the value of C-D for woody biomass particles pulverized to 0.5-8 mm in diameter with an impact mill could be assumed to be that of a cylinder with approximately 0.8 shape factor (phi), and that the value of phi for bark decreased with the particle diameter, even though the external shape was the same as that of the woody portion. The difference of phi seemed to depend on the condition (smooth or fluffy) of the particle surface.
When woody biomass was supplied to a coal-fired boiler, the movements and mean temperature of particles were numerically simulated. In the boiler studied here, 20 coal burners (4 corners X 5 vertical stages) were installed. When the biomass particles were injected from three burner stages (upper, middle, and lower), the biomass particles of 3 mm in diameter stayed in the furnace for approximately 2-3 s, 3-4 s, and 5-7 s, respectively, and subsequently flowed to the boiler outlet or dropped to the bottom. By considering these durations together with the calculated temperature history of particles, the pulverizing diameter and burner installation necessary to consume biomass completely within the boiler furnace could be estimated.

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：INT ASSOC HYDROGEN ENERGY  

The WE-NET project started its phase 2 program from FY1999 and it will last for 5 years. Various R&D is carried out for future establishment of 'World Energy Network System" and for early introduction of dispersed use of hydrogen. The aim of the safety studies in Phase 2 is to provide evaluation tool for safety assessment and data for risk assessment of above systems. In order to clarify the key phenomena related to hydrogen explosion, the fbllowing experiments are planned. They are leakage experiment of liquid hydrogen and explosion experiment of hydrogen / air mixture. In the leakage experiment, extension of liquid surface, evaporation and atmospheric dispersion of leaked hydrogen will be obtained to clarify the behavior of hydrogen cloud. In this paper, we will show the R&D activities on safety for the WE-NET project and the small-scale leakage experiment carried out in 1999.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

It is planned to use hydrogen extensively as a source of clean energy in the next century. As part of our investigation for an International Clean Energy Network Using Hydrogen Conversion (WE-NET), we have been studying to establish a safety scheme to ensure that both existing and new hydrogen technologies are implemented without endangering public safety. In this plan, we consider the transport and storage of a large quantity of hydrogen in a large tank. First we must evaluate the consequence of the postulated accident of liquid hydrogen. Since we have developed the multi-phase hydrodynamics analysis code (CHAMPAGNE), we apply the code to simulate the formation and dispersion of hydrogen vapor clouds. In the present paper we have improved the calculation model in two ways. We added a function to CHAMPANGE for solving evaporation phenomena realistically, made many parametric calculations and planned the small-scale hydrogen dispersion experiments for the validation of this model. Another improvement is the turbulent mixing of evaporated liquid hydrogen. Now we have completed the basic functions of our simulation code. And these models of CHAMPANGE code must be verified by the experimental data.

Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Attention has lately been drawn to the combined cycle that is the combination of an existing boiler with a steam turbine and repowering gas turbine or diesel engine, as an effective power generation system capable of increasing power output as well as improving plant efficiency. For the burner applied to the boiler furnace in this system, the following technical problems must be overcome: (1) Stable ignition and firing must be realized, using the exhaust gas (O2 = 11-15 vol% in a wet state) from the gas turbine or diesel engine as the air for combustion. (2) Nitrogen oxides and unburned carbon contained in the exhaust gas from the gas turbine or diesel should be greatly reduced through the boiler furnace. (3) The boiler must be capable of being operated alone, independent of the combined system. In the latter case, since fresh air is used as combustion air, the total gas flow rate through the burner is decreased by approximately half. Over the last decade, research and development work has been conducted on the original burner for low O2 exhaust gas, and various types of burners for gas or oil fuel have been developed. The main topic of the present report is the research and development of circular and angular burners for gas-firing. Stable ignition and flaming could be realized for low oxygen air of 11.5-12 vol% in a wet state by installing a large diameter diffuser cone as the flame stabilizer. Furthermore, the greater reduction rate for NOx assumed to be carried over from gas turbine or diesel engine, was greater than 30%. The circular type burner for gas-firing was applied to Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. Chita units No. 1 (375MW) and No. 2 (375MW).

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

A time of flight type LIF method, which measures the distribution of fluorescence intensity on the light path by means of the measurement time difference of fluorescence, has been developed. It has thus become possible to measure the temperature distribution inside large scale combustors.

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

When LNG leaks from a storage tank, the LNG vapourizes vigorously above the adiabatic concrete floor inside the safety dike and the cryogenic methane diffuses in the atmosphere. It is well known that as the density of a vapourized gas drops, the atmospheric diffusion is enhanced due to buoyancy, and the concentration of vapourized gas along the ground decreases. The present paper is concerned with the ability of Hi-Ex (High Expansion Foam) to raise the temperature (decrease the density) of vapourized cryogenic gas, since the Hi-Ex system is usually applied as a fire protection system at LNG facilities. In the experiments, the liquid nitrogen pool was used to simulate LNG leakage, because the boiling point of liquid nitrogen is close to that for LNG. The small difference in the heat capacity of vapourized gas was taken into account in the evaluation of experimental results. The temperature variations with time of the vapourized gas which penetrated through the Hi-Ex layer were measured. Furthermore, the solidification of the Hi-Ex layer and the formation of flow passages in the Hi-Ex layer, and the change of evaporation rate of liquid after the dispersion of Hi-Ex onto it were examined in detail. Based on these experimental results, the heat balance among Hi-Ex, liquid, and vapourized gas was discussed, and the amount of Hi-Ex required to keep raising the temperature of vapourized cryogenic gas to that at which the density was almost the same as that of atmosphere was estimated.

DOI： 10.1016/0950-4230(95)00062-3

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A fundamental study of the combustion process of coal-water mixtures has been performed. The surface and center temperatures and the weight change of a single droplet under combusion were measured in detail, where the water content, properties of coal, initial diameter of droplet, and external heat flux were parameters. In the experiments, an infrared intensive laser was used as the external heat source to simulate the conditions around the droplets atomized in an actual furnace. Based on the data obtained, the reaction rates in the processes of water vaporization, devolatilization, and char combustion were formulated. For the devolatilization stage, the activation energy derived by assuming a first-order reaction was almost the same as that for the mother coal, but the apparent frequency factor was much, smaller than that for the mother coal by 1/140-1/50. For the stage of char combustion, also, the apparent frequency factor was much smaller. The specific surface area and the micropores in the coal particle were much reduced after undergoing processes of water vaporization and devolatilization. It's possible that the pore would be masked when the water trapped in the pore was escaping from it with the agglomeration of coal particles proceeding. According to the data obtained and the combustion model proposed here, computer simulation codes for the combustion of a single droplet and for the combustion process in a furnace, were written. The calculated results for the temperature variation and the concentrations of oxygen and unburned carbon in the exhaust gas agreed well with the experimental data obtained using a one-dimensional test furnace. This confirms the validity, of the combustion model and reaction data. © 1996 Combustion Institute.

DOI： 10.1016/S0082-0784(96)80168-8

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：CHINESE SOC POWER ENGINEERING  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：COAL & SLURRY TECHNOLOGY ASSOC  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The evaporation rates of liquid hydrogen and oxygen spilled onto the ground surface were measured in laboratory tests. To simulate the ground, concrete, dry sand and wet sand layers were used in a vacuum-insulated cylindrical glass vessel. Based on the temperature variations within the layer and detailed observation through the side of the vessel, the heat transfer modes controlling the evaporation phenomenon were elucidated. When a wet sand layer was used, the liquid oxygen or hydrogen did not soak into the layer, because the frozen layer of water between the liquid and the sand layer acted as a barrier. When a concrete layer was used, the liquid vaporized above the layer. In these cases, the evaporation rates were inversely proportional to the square root of the time, except in the early stage just after the start of vaporization. This relationship could be predicted by a simple calculation of heat conduction within the layer. On the other hand, when a dry sand layer was used, liquid oxygen was observed to vaporize while constantly soaking into and rolling up the upper section of the layer. In this case, the evaporation rate was determined simply by the velocity of liquid penetration downward through the sand layer. When liquid hydrogen was used, the liquid did not soak into the dry sand layer, and the evaporation mechanism seemed to be the same as that for the wet sand layer, because the air contained within interparticle cavities in the dry sand layer solidifies at the boiling point of liquid hydrogen. © 1994.

DOI： 10.1016/0950-4230(94)80061-8

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Doctoral thesis  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

An experimental study has been performed in order to elucidate the dependence of flame spread on the behavior of combustible liquid soaked in the layer of close-packed beads during flame spread across its surface. The movement and distribution of the combustible liquid in the layer have been explored by using colored liquid tracer techniques and hot wire anemometry. Also, the dependence of the bead diameter, liquid viscosity, and volatile component added to the liquid on the flame spread phenomena have been examined in detail. When the combustible liquid was a mixture of 90 vol % decane and 10 vol % hexane and filled to be flush with the bead layer surface, or when it was decane and its intial level was 0.5 cm below the bead layer surface, the flame spread rate Vf was found to depend scarcely on the liquid viscosity μ or bead diameter d. To the contrary, when the combustible liquid was decane and filled to be flush with the bead layer surface, Vf depended significantly on d and μ. In the last case, Vf for smaller values of d decreased with the increase of d to a minimum at dmin≅0.2 cm, and for d larger than dmin, Vf increased with d. For d smaller than dmin, Vf was independent of μ and the liquid velocity was very small. The layer where the combustible liquid adhered to bead surface in the process of evaporation was observed beneath the leading flame edge. Based on these experimental results, the dominant mode of heat transfer was inferred to be conduction through the dry and liquid-gas coexisting regions. For d larger than dmin, Vf depended largely on μ, and the liquid adjacent to the layer surface ahead of the leading flame edge moved in the same direction with flame spread. Based on these results and the temperature distribution examied in our previous study, it was pointed out that the flame spread phenomena for large bead diameters would be controlled by liquid movement in the porous bed. © 1997 Combustion Institute.

DOI： 10.1016/S0082-0784(89)80133-X

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

An experimental study has been performed of the flame spread over a layer of porous or non-porous glass beads soaked with kerosene. The aspects and rates of flame spread were examined in detail, and for typical cases, the temperature distributions in the glass bead layers were measured during flame spread. When a kerosene layer of more than one mm was present over the glass bead layer, the observed aspects and measured rates of flame spread were much the same as those over kerosene in a metal tray. On the contrary, when the kerosene level was close to or below the top surface of the glass bead layer, the flame spread rates were found to be comparable to those over combustible solids and the effects of glass bead characteristics on the flame spread were observed to become distinct. Based on the observed aspects and measured rates of flame spread and the temperature distributions in glass bead layer, it is pointed out that the phenomena characterizing the flame spread are the behavior of kerosene and the two-phase heat transfer through the mixed media of glass beads-gas or glass beads-kerosene. By considering the balance of surface tension, adhesion, and gravitation, the behavior and surface configuration of kerosene observed in the experiments are interpreted qualitatively. The mode of heat transfer to kerosene ahead of the leading flame edge is inferred to be the conduction and convection through the condensed phase. © 1988 Combustion Institute.

DOI： 10.1016/S0082-0784(88)80233-9

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：三菱重工業  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：農業技術協会  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

As a first step to clarify the mechanisms of the combustion and gasification of biomass, fundamental experiment for the thermal decomposition and numerical simulation for the elementary reaction of decomposed chemical species have been performed. In the experiment, various kinds of biomass particle were immediately heated by applying the electrically induced magnetic field to the metal tray on which the objective particles were placed. It was clarified that for the two levels of decomposition temperature 590 and 1040℃, the variations of decomposition rate with heating time was same with each other, but the components of decomposed species were largely different; the mole fraction of C6-C9 components for the low temperature 590℃ were 3-10 times larger than those for 1040℃. Furthermore, the relationship between percentage of C5, C6-C9 species and lignin containing in biomass was ascertained. It was obtained from the numerical simulation that these heavy species could decompose to C1 and H_2 at 1000℃ over with H_2O acting as the oxidation agent, and that the effect of H_2O in the atmospheric pressure became maximum at P_<H_2O>-0.7 atm.

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.15.0_205

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Rapid communication, short report, research note, etc. (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：English   Publisher：Japan Association for Fire Science and Engineering  

The characteristics of four types of burner flames (micro-, Meker-, ISO air mix-, and Japan Fire Defense Agency air mix- burner flames: The last two burners are of the same construction except for a stabilizer plate. The former is with the stabilizer plate and the latter is without it, which are currently used for flammability tests of textile fabrics, have been investigated. The dependences of heights of the flames on fuel flow rate, temperature distributions of tipical flames, and distributions of heat fluxes from the flames under test conditions to a solid (aspestos-cement-perlite) plate surface were examined in detail. It was shown that the flame height of each of micro- and Meker- burner flames is proportional to the fuel flow rate, but that the fuel flow rate to a micro-burner at the standard flame height is about a half as much as that to a Meker-burner. The flame height of either type of the air mix-burners depends on the fuel flow rate and is almost independent of the nozzle hole diameter. The maximum temperatures of micro-, Meker-, and air mix- burner flames are respectivily 1555°C, 1542°C, and 1627°C. These temperatures reduce by several tens °C when a solid plate surface is close to the flames. The measured heat flux distributions along the solid plate surface indicate that the heat flux to a test material depends on the burner type. These results imply the needs of further studies for establishment of an appropriate method for flammability tests of textile fabrics. © 1990, Japan Association for Fire Science and Engineering. All rights reserved.

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Book type：Scholarly book

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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3種の石炭の低温における熱分解，および酸化反応を質量分析器によって定量化した。

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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